Building a Vector Search Library from Scratch

Feb 9, 2026 - Present

A deep dive into building a toy vector search library in pure Python. We implement approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) algorithms from scratch, exploring the tradeoffs between accuracy, speed, and memory.

Series

Part 1: Flat Index and Linear Search
We start with the simplest approach: a flat index that compares every vector. Correct but impractical for large datasets.
Part 2: IVF (Inverted File Index)
We divide the vector space into clusters and only search nearby regions. A major speedup through strategic dimensionality reduction.